In a globalized world, supply chains rely mainly on ships, as they are the cheapest means of transportation.

Most of these ships are sent to Bangladesh, India, or Pakistan, when they reach the end of their operational life. There, the end-of-life ships are dismantled directly on the beach instead of in proper shipbreaking yards.

This method not only endangers the lives of workers, who often break the ships apart by hand, but also releases toxic substances that are extremely harmful to both individuals and the environment.

To address this issue, international agreements such as the Hong Kong Convention have been established. However, how effective will this convention, which is set to enter into force in 26 June 2025, actually be?